Precision Medicine

Cell Proliferation Capabilities

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Cell Proliferation

In the realm of immune monitoring, the process of cell proliferation stands as a crucial indicator of immune system activity and health. Cell proliferation refers to the rapid increase in cell numbers through division, a process tightly regulated within the immune system to maintain equilibrium and respond effectively to pathogens or abnormal cells. [1]

Cell proliferation serves as a fundamental mechanism underlying immune response dynamics. When the immune system encounters foreign invaders such as viruses, bacteria, or cancer cells, it initiates a cascade of events aimed at eliminating the threat. Central to this response is the rapid expansion of specific immune cell populations, including T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. Monitoring the proliferation of these cells provides invaluable insights into the strength and effectiveness of the immune response. [2]

At PeploBio, we utilise cutting-edge technology to assess cell proliferation, including the BD FACSLyric clinical cell analyser, an IVD-grade instrument renowned for its precision and reliability. This state-of-the-art analyser enables us to perform comprehensive analyses of immune cell dynamics with unparalleled accuracy and efficiency.

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Methods of Assessing
Cell Proliferation 

At PeploBio, we employ a multifaceted approach to assess cell proliferation, encompassing various assays and techniques.  

Measurement of Apoptosis

A programmed cell death process crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis. Apoptosis is evaluated through parameters such as phosphatidylserine exposure, assessed using Annexin V binding assays, mitochondrial changes, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation detected through assays like BrdU incorporation. [3]

Cell Cycle Dynamics

A fundamental aspect of cell proliferation regulation. By analysing cellular DNA content using techniques such as propidium iodide (PI) versus 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD), we can determine cell cycle phases and assess S phase activity through BrdU incorporation.

Analysis of Cyclins

Cyclin-dependent kinases, and cell cycle regulators such as cyclin B1, providing a holistic understanding of cell cycle progression and regulation. [4]

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Role of Flow Cytometry in Assessing Cell Proliferation

Flow cytometry emerges as a powerful tool for studying cell proliferation within the immune system. This sophisticated technique enables the simultaneous analysis of multiple cellular characteristics, including cell surface markers, intracellular proteins, and DNA content. By labelling cells with fluorescent markers and passing them through a flow cytometer, researchers can quantify proliferation rates, identify distinct cell populations, and track changes in immune cell dynamics over time. [5]

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References


[1]  Mayer A, Zhang Y, Perelson AS, Wingreen NS. Regulation of T cell expansion by antigen presentation dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [Internet]. 2019 Mar 26;116(13):5914–9.
[2] Netea MG, Schlitzer A, Placek K, Joosten LAB, Schultze JL. Innate and Adaptive Immune Memory: an Evolutionary Continuum in the Host’s Response to Pathogens. Cell Host & Microbe. 2019 Jan 9;25(1):13–26. ‌
[3] Mestrum SGC, Hopman AHN, Ramaekers FCS, Leers MPG. The potential of proliferative and apoptotic parameters in clinical flow cytometry of myeloid malignancies. Blood Advances. 2021 Apr 13;5(7):2040–52.
‌[4] Selami Kocak Toprak, Dalva K, Merih Kizil Cakar, Nazmiye Kursun, Meral Beksac. Flowcytometric evaluation of cell cycle regulators (cyclins and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors) expressed on bone marrow cells of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and multiple myeloma. Turkish journal of hematology. 2012 Jan 1;29(1):17–27.
[5] J. Paul Robinson, Raluca Ostafe, Sharath Narayana Iyengar, Bartek Rajwa, Fischer R. Flow Cytometry: The Next Revolution. Cells. 2023 Jul 17;12(14):1875–5.